An automatic identification method for a spatial pose of a parallel external fixation for a bone fracture. The method mainly comprises the following steps: respectively mounting three markers (201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206) onto two fixed rings (210, 211) at the two ends of a parallel external fixation that is clinically mounted at the fracture position of a patient； obtaining six marker spheres (301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306) by scanning and reconstructing by a general 3D medical imaging system； identifying the coordinates of the sphere centers of the six marker spheres (301, 302, 303, 304, 305, 306) by means of a spherical surface fitting method； and based on the actual mounting situations of the markers (201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206) on the two fixed rings (210, 211), respectively establishing coordinate systems that are fixed to the two fixed rings (210, 211), and determining the spatial position and pose of the external fixation. In addition, the 3D image of a fractured bone block (310, 311) is obtained by operating the 3D medical imaging system to perform scanning, and the adjustment amount of the external fixation for fracture reduction can be calculated by simulating the motion of reducing the fracture. By means of the method, the present invention uses an accurate 3D medical image as an information source and does not need manual measurement, and thus can effectively improve the clinical usage efficiency and accuracy of the existing various parallel external fixations.L'invention concerne un procédé d'identification automatique pour une pose spatiale d'une fixation externe parallèle pour une fracture osseuse. Le procédé comprend principalement les étapes suivantes : montage respectif de trois marqueurs (201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206) sur deux anneaux fixes (210, 211) aux deux extrémités d'une fixation externe parallèle qui est cliniquement montée au niveau de la position de fracture d'un patient ； obtention de six sphères de marqueur (301, 302, 303, 304, 305,
