A medical sterilization container has a removable container cover, which is provided in a wall area (4) with gas-exchange openings (5), with a filter unit (55) for gas exchange has an interchangeable filter sheet covering the gas-exchange openings (5) on the inside, which is arranged within a ring-shaped circumferential frame element (15) and is held pressably against an inside of the wall area (4) by a pressure washer (36) provided with openings (45). The pressure washer (36) is detachably connected to frame element (15) or the wall area (4) and has a ring groove (48) with a preferably elastic sealing ring (49), which seals the wall area (4) provided with the gas-exchange openings (5) against the frame element (15). To prevent a shifting of and/or damage to the filter sheet during a clamping process, the pressure washer (36) can be pressed against the wall area (4) by a spring washer (35). The spring washer (35) is provided with bayonet connection elements (38) which can be meshed and unmeshed with bayonet catch elements (20) of the frame element (15). The spring washer (35) is rotatable opposite the pressure washer (36) about a common central axis of rotation of the pressure washer (36) and of the spring washer (35).
