Provided are pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment or prophylaxis of the gastrointestinal tract. One of the pharmaceutical composition includes co-particles of an adsorbent, and one or more carbohydrates. This pharmaceutical composition may be used, for example, in the treatment or prophylaxis of diarrhea, for adsorbing digestive tract microorganisms, for enhancing weight gain, or for enhancing milk production in a mammal. Another pharmaceutical composition can include one or more enzymes and a pH buffer system, wherein the pH buffer system causes an alkalinization of at least a portion of a gastrointestinal tract. This pharmaceutical composition may be used, for example, for increasing milk production in a mammal.
