The present invention generally relates to refreshing, soothing, and coolingcompounds that affect sensory processes. More particularly, the presentinvention pertains to certain N-alkylcarbonyl-amino acid ester and N-alkylcarbonyl-amino lactone compounds as described herein; compositions andarticles comprising such compounds; and methods of treatment, for example,methods of alleviating the discomforts of irritation, itch, and pain in theskin and in the linings of the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract, forexample, in methods of treatment of cough and/or asthma.