The present invention relates to a plant cultivation apparatus using an up-down system enabling mass production of plants by allowing the entire area of a greenhouse to be used as a cultivation space. The plant cultivation apparatus using the up-down system includes a driving unit (20), an elevating unit (30) and left and right cultivation gutters (40, 40')； the driving unit (20) comprises a deceleration motor (21), and reel members (23)； the elevating unit (30) is configured with a set of five elevating members of first to fifth elevating members (31 to 35)； the left and right cultivation gutters (40, 40') of the first to fifth elevating members (31 to 35) ascend and descend alternately in turn in a zigzag shape by using the deceleration motor (21) and the drive shaft (22).
