The invention provided herein relates to a method of preventing a Staphylococcus aureus colonization and/or infection by administering a Streptococcus pneumoniae strain, antigen thereof, or homologous staphylococcal antigen. The invention further relates to a method of treating a disease associated with a Staphylococcus aureus colonization and/or infection by administering a Streptococcus pneumoniae strain, antigen thereof, or homologous staphylococcal antigen.
