The present invention relates to the use of new chemical substances, the levogyre and dextrogyre enantiomers of (AMINO-7 TRIETHOXY-4, 5, 6 OXO-1 DIHYDRO-1, 3 ISOBENZOFURANNYL-3)-1 METHOXY-8 METHYL-2METHYLENEDIOXY-6, 7 TETRAHYDRO-, 2, 3, 4 ISOQUINOLEINE or tritoqualine, to treat acute myeloid or lymphoid leukemia, with the exception of type B leukemia.