The present invention relates to a health functional food for preventing or treating brain disease. More specifically, the present invention relates to a health functional food for preventing or treating brain disease as the health functional food contains natural products or extracts derived from the natural products so that the health functional food has no toxicity and represents high activity of protecting a cranial nerve. According to the present invention, the health functional food includes adlay and anthocyanin.본 발명은 뇌질환 예방 또는 개선용 건강기능성 식품에 관한 것으로서, 보다 상세하게는 천연물 또는 천연물 유래 추출물을 포함하여 독성이 없으며 높은 뇌신경보호 활성을 가져 뇌질환 예방 또는 개선용으로 적합한 건강기능성 식품에 관한 것이다.