The invention provides a class of dopamine transporter inhibitors of formula (I) (DAS inhibitors), packaged pharmaceuticals comprising such inhibitors, and their uses treating, or the manufacturing medicaments for treating disease conditions, including Parkinson's disease, Hoehn and Yahr Staging of Parkinson's Disease. Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), and Schwab and England Activities of Daily Living Scale. Related business methods such as marketing the inhibitors to healthcare providers are also provided.
