Provided is a preventive and/or therapeutic agent for malaria, comprising, as an active ingredient, 5-acetamido-4-oxo-5-hexenoic acid (Alaremycin) or a derivative thereof. A preventive and/or therapeutic agent for malaria is used which comprises, as an active ingredient, Alaremycin or a derivative thereof represented by formula (I) (wherein R1 represents a hydroxy group, an amino group, or a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain or branched alkoxy group or alkylamino group having 1 to 8 carbons R2 represents hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted straight chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbons, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 4 to 10 carbons and R3 represents hydrogen or a methyl group).
