The present invention is based on the surprising finding of the property of promoting myelination of activators of histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1 and 2. In particular, such activators have the capacity of accelerating and increasing remyelination after lesions to the myelin of nerve cells of the peripheral and central nervous systems. The present inventor found that HDAC2 deacetylates eEF1A1 and thereby prevents the latter from removing outside the nucleus key inducers of myelin genes transcription. The HDAC1/2 activators are useful in the treatment of diseases associated with demyelination, such as Multiple Sclerosis.
