The invention relates to the field of biomedicine, in particular to providing a selective TNFR1 antagonist peptide derived from the snake venom of Qinghai Hydrostatin-SN10 has the amino acid sequence as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2. The present invention also provides a selective TNFR1 antagonist peptide PEG-SN10 based on mPEG2000 modification, which is selectively modified by covalent attachment of the carboxyl group of mPEG2000 to the free amino group of the N-terminal aspartic acid of Hydrostatin-SN10 peptide chain. At the same time, the present invention provides the use of the selective TNFR1 antagonist peptides Hydrostatin-SN10 and PEG-SN10 for the prevention and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
