The present invention relates to a manufacturing method of a carboxymethyl cellulose nonwoven fabric and the use of the carboxymethyl cellulose nonwoven fabric manufactured thereby.The method of the present invention includes the carboxymethylation of cellulose fibers and the subsequent paper-making process to prepare a carboxymethyl cellulose nonwoven fabric. Comparing with the conventional method involving carboxymethylation of a nonwoven fabric, the method of the present invention has convenience and easiness of the process and thus enables production on a large scale. Further, the carboxymethyl cellulose nonwoven fabric manufactured by the present invention is susceptible to gelation upon contact with body fluids or water and thus useful as a medical nonwoven fabric or a mask pack.