An X-ray multi-energy imaging system (10) and an imaging control method thereof, belonging to the technical field of X-ray imaging. The X-ray multi-energy imaging system (10) comprises an X-ray source (120), a ray source control module (121), a detector (140), an imaging station (110), a filter turntable (130), a turntable drive module (131) and a signal synchronization module (150), wherein the filter turntable (130) is at least provided with a first module (130a) and a second module (130b) respectively corresponding to a first X-ray (129a) and a second X-ray (129b), the second module (130b) is used for energy spectrum filtering of the second X-ray (129b) the signal synchronization module (150) is used for triggering the ray source control module (121) to synchronically control the X-ray source (120) to generate the first X-ray (129a) when the first module (130a) is placed on the projection path of the first X-ray (129a), and to synchronically control the X-ray source (120) to generate the second X-ray (129b) when the second module (130b) is placed on the projection path of the second X-ray (129b). The X-ray multi-energy imaging system (10) has a good material differentiation ability, low requirements on the X-ray source (120), easy synchronization control and a good imaging effect.Linvention concerne un système dimagerie par rayons X multi-énergie (10) et un procédé de commande dimagerie associé, appartenant au domaine technique de limagerie par rayons X. Le système dimagerie par rayons X multi-énergie (10) comprend une source de rayons X (120), un module de commande de source de rayons X (121), un détecteur (140), un poste dimagerie (110), un plateau tournant de filtres (130), un module dactionnement de plateau tournant (131) et un module de synchronisation de signal (150), le plateau tournant de filtres (130) étant au moins pourvu dun premier module (130a) et dun second module (130b) correspondant respectivement à un premier rayon X (129a) et à un second rayon X
