Peptide vaccines against cancer are described herein. In particular, the present invention describes epitope peptides derived from CDCA1 that elicit CTLs. The present invention also provides established CTLs that specifically recognize HLA-A24 positive target cells pulsed with the peptides. Antigen-presenting cells and exosomes that present any of the peptides, as well as methods for inducing antigen-presenting cells are also provided. The present invention further provides pharmaceutical agents containing the CDCA1 polypeptides or polynucleotides encoding thereof, as well as exosomes and antigen-presenting cells as active ingredients. Furthermore, the present invention provides methods for treating and/or prophylaxis of (i.e., preventing) cancers (tumors), and/or prevention of postoperative recurrence thereof, as well as methods for inducing CTLs, methods for inducing anti-tumor immunity, using the CDCA1 polypeptides, polynucleotides encoding the polypeptides, exosomes or antigen-presenting cells presenting the polypeptides, or the pharmaceutical agents of the present invention. The cancers to be targeted include, but are not limited to, breast cancer, bladder cancer, esophageal cancer, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).於此敘述抗癌胜肽疫苗。特別是,本發明敘述衍生自CDCA1之抗原決定位胜肽,其誘導細胞毒殺性T淋巴球。本發明也提供經建立之細胞毒殺性T淋巴球,其專一地辨認胜肽脈衝之人類白血球組織抗原-24+目標細胞。也提供表現任一該胜肽之抗原呈現細胞與外來體(exosome),與誘導抗原呈現細胞的方法。本發明更提供藥學試劑,其含有CDCA1多胜肽或編碼出其之多核苷酸及外來體與抗原呈現細胞做為活性成分。此外,本發明使用CDCA1多胜肽、編碼出該多胜肽之多核苷酸、呈現該多胜肽之外來體或抗原呈現細胞或本發明之藥學試劑來提供治療及/或預防(即避免)癌症(腫瘤)及/或其手術後復發之避免的方法,與誘導細胞毒殺性T淋巴球的方法、誘導抗腫瘤免疫力之方法。做為標的之癌症包括,但不限於乳癌、膀胱癌、食道癌、小細胞肺癌(small cell lung cancer,SCLC)與非小細胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)。
