The invention relates to genetically modified mesenchymal stem cell for use as a medicament in the treatment of medical conditions associated with inflammation and/or an unwanted immune response in subjects without an alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency, wherein said stem cells comprise an exogenous nucleic acid comprising (i) an Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) encoding region operably linked to (ii) a promoter or promoter/enhancer combination.
