The invention provides devices that improve tests for detecting specificcellular, viral, and molecular targets inclinical, industrial, or environmental samples. The invention permitsefficient detection of individual microscopic targets at lowmagnification for highly sensitive testing. The invention does not requirewashing steps and thus allows sensitive and specificde-tection while simplifying manual operation and lowering costs andcomplexity in automated operation. In short, the inventionpro-vides devices that can deliver rapid, accurate, and quantitative, easy-to-use, and cost-effective tests.
