Apparatus to achieve percutaneous entry to a blood vessel includes several coacting combinations of coacting instruments, some capable of independent action, as well as enabling clear visualisation of the operative area, precise location of the operative site, capture and immobilization of the vessel, and guidance in the positioning and insertion of the puncturing needle. Additionally, apparatus is provided for the placement of a sponge directly on the entry wound in the vessel to reduce bleeding. A dissecting-retracting tool is described that creates a skin-to-vessel channel. The vessel is inspected through the spread fingers in the tool. A tubular access conduit, mounted on an obturator/carrier, is also described.
