This invention is related to medicine and concerns peptides with cytoprotective activity selected from a group that includes Ac-Asp-Glu-OH, H-Asp-Glu-OCH3, H-Asp-Glu-NH - CH2-CH3, H-Val-Asp-Glu-OH, H-Leu-Asp- Glu-OH and H-Ala-Asp-Glu-Arg-OH, Ala-Asp-Glu, Lys-Asp-Glu and Asp-Glu-Gly, with the peptides remaining chemically stable in storage. Also proposed is a pharmaceutical composition containing effective quantities of peptides selected from a group that includes Ac-Asp-Glu-OH, H-Asp-Glu-OCH3, H-Asp-Glu-NH - CH2-CH3, H-Val-Asp-Glu-OH, H-Leu-Asp- Glu-OH and H-Ala-Asp-Glu-Arg-OH, Ala-Asp-Glu, Lys-Asp-Glu or Asp-Glu-Gly.The pronounced cytoprotective effect makes it possible to use the pharmaceutical composition in the food, cosmetological and pharmaceutical industries.