The disclosure relates to devices and methods for treatment of cardiac heart rhythm disturbances (arrhythmias). Radiofrequency ablation performed under guidance of a 3-dimensional mapping system has become an important treatment modality for most arrhythmias. Aspects of the disclosure improve the processes for three-dimensional mapping and ablation by improving map stability, precisely directing radiofrequency energy delivery, and predicting radiofrequency ablation lesion formation. Aspects of the disclosure also improve the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation for treatment of heart rhythm disorders.
