The present invention provides anticancer biological response modifier combinations. In accordance with an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a combination comprising: (i) a composition comprising small molecular weight components of less than 3000 daltons, and having the following properties: is extracted from bile of animals is capable of stimulating monocytes and/or macrophages in vitro and/or in vivo is capable of modulating tumor necrosis factor production and/or release contains no measurable level of IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF, IL-6, IL-8, IL-4, GM-CSF or IFN-gamma is not cytotoxic to human peripheral blood mononuclear cells is not an endotoxin and (ii) one or more anticancer agent(s), wherein said combination has therapeutic synergy or improves the therapeutic index in the treatment of cancer over the composition or the anticancer agent(s) alone. Another aspect of the present invention provides the use of this combination in the manufacture of a medicament or a pharmaceutical kit and in the treatment of cancer.
