TLR3 agonist compounds, compositions and methods are provided for stimulating the activity of TLR3. The compositions comprise oligonucleotide-based compounds that bind to and activate TLR3. The compositions may also comprise oligonucleotide-based compounds that bind to and activate TLR3 in combination with other therapeutic and/or prophylactic compounds and/or compositions. Methods of using these compounds and compositions for stimulation of TLR3 activity and for prevention or treatment of diseases wherein modulation of TLR3 activity would be beneficial are provided.