The present disclosure provides methods and systems for identifying and/or treating subjects having cancer, such as squamous cell carcinoma, who are more likely to respond to treatment with an ERK inhibitor.本發明提供用於鑑別及/或治療較可能對用ERK抑制劑治療起反應之患有諸如鱗狀細胞癌的癌症之個體的方法及系統。