The present disclosure provides a method for recognizing an article using a multi-energy spectrum X-ray imaging system and a multi-energy spectrum X-ray imaging system. The method comprises: recognizing an application scenario and/or priori information of the article； selecting a parameter mode suitable for the article from a plurality of parameter modes stored in the multi-energy spectrum X-ray imaging system based on the recognized application scenario and/or priori information； and recognizing the article using the selected parameter mode, wherein the plurality of parameter modes are obtained by optimizing system parameters of the multi-energy spectrum X-ray imaging system under a specific condition using a training sample library for various articles.
