The present invention relates to the design and development of recombinant protein for the delivery of silencer RNA complex to mediate RNA interference since it represents a novel therapeutic approach to modulate several neurodegenerative disease-related genes across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To overcome challenges due to this barrier for biologics and other biological complex, the present invention describes a method wherein peptide having sequence GGGGHLNILSTLWKYRC represented by SEQ ID NO. 1 known to target specific gangliosides was linked to a double-stranded RNA binding protein to bind and deliver silencer RNA to the brain parenchyma. The designed fusion protein comprising a double-stranded RNA-binding domain (dsRBD) of human Trans Activation response element (TAR) RNA Binding Protein (TARBP2) and a brain targeting peptide sequence that binds GM1. Conformation-specific binding of TARBP2 domain to silencer RNA results in the formation of homogenous serum-stable complex with GM1 targeting potential. Uptake of the complex in neural cells reveals selective requirement of GM1 for entry. Remarkably, the invention pertains to the systemic delivery of the complex comprising TARBP-BTP and silencer RNA in AβPP-PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) led to distinctive localization primarily in the cerebral hemisphere in the hippocampus and brain cortex and in principle can work across other mammalian CNS targets. Further, the delivery of silencer-RNA mediated by brain targeting peptide fusion led to significant knockdown of BACE1, a therapeutic protease target in both AβPP-PS1 and wild type C57BL/6 mice. The invention establishes the emergent importance of fusion proteins in delivering therapeutic siRNA as a simple complex to brain tissues to treat neurodegenerative diseases besides Alzheimer's disease (AD). The complex is also useful to study gene function of hitherto unidentified genes/interplay of genes in mammalian systems and central nervous system.
