In one aspect, an aspiration system for a work vehicle may include an exhaust tube extending defining an exhaust passage therein. The exhaust tube may include a venturi portion, with the exhaust tube further defining an aperture within the venturi portion of the exhaust tube. The system may also include an aspiration tube configured to be coupled between the exhaust tube and a separate component of the work vehicle. The aspiration tube may define an aspiration passage extending between the separate component and the exhaust tube. The aperture defined by the exhaust tube may fluidly couple the aspiration passage and the exhaust passage. Furthermore, the system may include a restrictor body positioned within the exhaust passage. As such, the restrictor body and the venturi portion may be configured to adjust a flow parameter of exhaust gases flowing through the exhaust passage.
