A bone screw mounted retractor apparatus for use in minimally invasive surgery, preferably minimally invasive spine surgery, comprising a screw extension detachably attached to a bone screw, a mounting ring attached to the screw extension, a connection arm attached to the mounting dag, a retractor retaining ring attached to the connection arm, and a tubular retractor body retained by the retractor retaining ring, as well as methods of minimally invasive surgery using such an apparatus.
