PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a surface treatment agent for silver and a silver alloy, which can impart excellent discoloration resistance to the surface of silver or a silver alloy; to provide a substrate coated with a light-reflective film, excellent in discoloration resistance; and to provide a light-emitting device which hardly decrease an emission intensity.SOLUTION: The surface treatment agent for silver and a silver alloy comprises two solutions: a solution A containing smectite and a water-soluble polymer; and a solution B containing a film-forming inorganic material.