An elbow support device and bed mattress for a vertebral traction bed. Two sides of the bed mattress (3) are respectively provided with left and right slots (3.1, 3.2) at locations corresponding to human elbows. The elbow support device mainly comprises left and right support blocks (4.1, 4.2) respectively disposed at left and right sides of a bed body at locations corresponding to the human elbows. When a human body lays supine in the bed and bends an arm so that an elbow is placed at a location of the support block, and when a lumbar vertebra of the human body is subjected to a downward pulling force, the support block generates, via the elbow, an upward support force on an upper part of the human body, so as to exert a traction force on the lumbar vertebra. The left and right support blocks (4.1, 4.2) are respectively insertingly installed in the left and right slots (3.1, 3.2) at the two sides of the bed mattress (3). When the left and right support blocks (4.1, 4.2) assume a closed position, the left and right support blocks form an integral part of the bed mattress (3), offering elegant aesthetics and allowing convenient packaging and transportation. When the left and right support blocks (4.1, 4.2) assume a vertical and fixed position, the left and right support blocks and elbows of a human body can press against each other, providing a reasonable supporting structure.Un dispositif de support de coude et un matelas de lit pour un lit de traction vertébral. Deux côtés du matelas de lit (3) sont respectivement pourvus de slots gauche et droite (3.1, 3.2) à des emplacements correspondant aux coudes humains. Le dispositif de support de coude comprend principalement des blocs de support gauche et droit (4.1, 4.2) disposés respectivement sur les côtés gauche et droit dun corps de lit à des emplacements correspondant aux coudes humains. Lorsquun corps humain est couché sur le dos dans le lit et courbe un bras de sorte quun coude soit placé à un emplacement du bloc d
