PURPOSE: A pharmaceutical composition containing tianeptine or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is provided to inhibit cell apoptosis in hair follicle and to prevent and treat areata alopecia. CONSTITUTION: A pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating alopecia contains a compound of chemical formula 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient. The alopecia indicates areata alopecia. The pharmaceutical composition is used for oral administration. The pharmaceutical composition has an oral solid dosage form of tablets or capsules.본 발명은 티아넵틴 또는 그의 약학적으로 허용가능한 염을 유효성분으로 포함하는, 탈모증의 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물을 제공한다.