A calibration method and system for a geometric calibration phantom, the method comprising: scanning a geometric calibration phantom and computing spatial coordinates of a marking point (S101); assigning, on the basis of the current spatial coordinates of the marking point, an initial particle value to a predetermined number of particles (S102); scanning the geometric calibration phantom and obtaining projection coordinates of the marking point, and determining, on the basis of the projection coordinates of the marking point and particle value of each of the particles, a geometric calibration parameter corresponding to each of the particles (S103); scanning, by using the geometric calibration parameter, an evaluation phantom and reconstructing a 3D image of the evaluation phantom corresponding to each of the particles (S104); calculating, on the basis of the 3D image, a fitness value for each of the particles (S105); updating, on the basis of the fitness value, the spatial coordinates of the marking point (S106); determining whether a predetermined iteration end condition is met (S107); if not, then returning to the step of assigning, on the basis of the current spatial coordinates of the marking point, the initial particle value to the predetermined number of particles (S102). The method and system of the present invention can lower calibration phantom processing requirements and achieve a precise geometric calibration while using a low-precision geometric calibration phantom.La présente invention concerne un procédé et un système d'étalonnage pour un fantôme d'étalonnage géométrique, le procédé comprenant : le balayage d'un fantôme d'étalonnage géométrique et le calcul de coordonnées spatiales d'un point de marquage (S101) ; l'attribution, sur la base des coordonnées spatiales actuelles du point de marquage, d'une valeur de particule initiale à un nombre prédéterminé de particules (S102) ; le balayage du fantôme d'étalonnage géométrique et l'obtention des coordonn