Various embodiments of the invention provide systems and methods for low-cost, low-power Array Waveguide Grating (AWG)-based miniaturized Raman spectroscopy for use in non-invasive glucose monitoring systems, such as in wearable devices that require no replenishment of chemicals or enzymes. The AWG may be manufactured using VLSI processing technology, which significantly reduces manufacturing cost and replaces holographic grating as the dispersive component of light. In embodiments, the AWG is integrated with a number of PIN photodiode detectors on a substrate to further reduce cost and signal loss. In embodiments, a prism-coupling method eliminates alignment problems associated with traditional approaches that utilize fiber-coupling methods.
