The present invention relates to the field of laboratory diagnostics. Specifically, means and methods for determining the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or kidney transplant failure including determining the risk of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and/or the risk of kidney transplant failure based on the analysis of homoarginine levels are disclosed. Moreover, the present invention relates to homoarginine for use in a method of treatment and/or prophylaxis of chronic kidney diseases (CKD) as well as for use in a method of treatment and/or prophylaxis of kidney transplant failure in a patient.
