The payoff for doctors and patients should be lower drug toxicity, reduced cost of treatments, improved bioavailability, specificity and an extention of the economic life of proprietary drugs. Delivery of a pharmaceutical compound to humans or animals by common methods of delivery include the preferred non-invasive oral (through the mouth), nasal, pneumonial (inhalation), and rectal routes. Present efforts in the area of drug delivery include the development of targeted delivery in which the drug is only active in the target area of the body (for example, in cancerous tissues) and sustained release formulation in which the drug is released over a period of time in a controlled manner from a formulation.[IN-CHE-2009-00349A]
