The present invention relates to an IL-15 heterodimer protein and pharmaceutical uses thereof. Furthermore, the present invention relates to an IL-15/IL-15R α heterodimer protein. The IL-15 heterodimer protein comprises protein(I) and protein(II), wherein the said protein(I) was fused by IL-15 or variants thereof and the first Fc variant; wherein the said protein(II) is the second Fc variant or wasfused by IL-15 R α or variants thereof and the second Fc variant. The first Fc variant and the second Fc variant can be formed via “Knob-into-Hole” mode. The IL-15 heterodimer of the present invention has significant anti-tumor activity, and has a better biological activity and extended in vivo half-life compared to IL-15 molecule alone.本發明涉及一種IL-15異源二聚體蛋白及其用途,還涉及一種IL-15/IL-15R α異源二聚體蛋白。IL-15異源二聚體蛋白包含蛋白(I)和蛋白(II),蛋白(I)由IL-15或其變體和第一Fc變體重組而成;蛋白(II)是第二Fc變體,或由IL-15 R α或其變體和第二Fc變體重組而成,第一Fc變體和第二Fc變體間以Knob-into-Hole形式連接。本發明的IL-15異源二聚體具有明顯的抑瘤活性,比IL-15單一分子具有更好的生物活性及延長的體內半衰期。