The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cable mounting structure and an endoscope, which can prevent the enlargement of a hard portion and reduce the effects of moisture intrusion on an electrical component or the like during autoclave sterilization or the like. The cable mounting structure of the present invention is characterized by comprising: a cable assembly 50 in which two or more cables are coated with an overall sheath； a spacer 40 which divides the two or more cables, from one ends of which the overall sheath has been removed, into two groups (two bundles) and causes the two or more cables to be arranged along an upper surface and a lower surface thereof； a mounting substrate 30 which has a core wire connection electrode 34 and a shield wire connection electrode 36 that are disposed at an upper surface side and connected to the cables arranged on the upper surface of the spacer 40, and a core wire connection electrode 33 and a shield wire connection electrode 37 that are disposed at a lower surface side and connected to the cables arranged on the lower surface of the spacer 40； and a resin encapsulation part 70 which covers with an encapsulation resin and thereby encapsulates a connection portion of the mounting substrate 30 and the two or more cables, and at least a mounting substrate 30-side portion of the spacer 40.Le but de la présente invention est de fournir une structure de montage de câble et un endoscope, qui peuvent empêcher l'agrandissement d'une partie dure et réduire les effets d'intrusion d'humidité sur un composant électrique ou similaire pendant une stérilisation en autoclave ou similaire. La structure de montage de câble de la présente invention est caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend : un ensemble câble 50 dans lequel deux ou plusieurs câbles sont revêtus d'une gaine globale ； une entretoise 40 qui divise les deux ou plusieurs câbles, à partir d'une extrémité de laquelle la gaine globale a été retirée, en deux groupes (deux fa
