The present invention provides a method for preparing a Schwann cell precursor from a pluripotent stem cell, a method for preparing a Schwann cell precursor from an adult cell, and a method for preparing a Schwann cell from the prepared Schwann cell precursor. Also, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition comprising the Schwann cell precursor and the Schwann cell for preventing or treating a nerve disease, a cell therapy product and a preparation method therefor, a composition for inducing direct differentiation from a pluripotent stem cell to a Schwann cell, and a composition for differentiation from a Schwann cell precursor to a Schwann cell. Provided also are a Schwann cell precursor or a Schwann cell prepared by the method, and a screening kit comprising the same. The method for preparing a Schwann cell precursor from a pluripotent stem cell or an adult cell according to the present invention can produce a Schwann cell precursor rapidly and effectively, and the Schwann cell prepared from a Schwann cell precursor has myelination potential and neurotrophic factor release activity, thus finding applications in the prevention or treatment of a nerve disease.
