Various systems and methods for non-invasively monitoring and treating a medical condition of interest via transcutaneous stimulation of a target nerve are described. For instance, a subject can be monitored for improvement of a medical condition, where such improvement corresponds with a decrease in the threshold level at which a sensory or motor response is elicited in a subject upon stimulation as compared to a baseline level. Further, transcutaneous stimulation of the nerve can also treat the condition. Both monitoring and treatment can be carried out in a non-invasive manner substantially free of a painful response via electrical nerve stimulation of a target nerve, where the stimulation is delivered from an electrode placed on a non-glabrous skin surface. The electrode placement sufficiently immobilizes the target nerve such that the stimulation is effective and can be delivered in a controlled manner.
