A catheter includes a thermal unit provided at its distal end and configured to receive a thermal transfer fluid. The thermal unit is configured to cause formation of ice particles in perivascular renal nerve tissue adjacent the thermal unit and warm tissue of the renal artery adjacent the thermal unit to a temperature above freezing while ice particles remain formed in the perivascular renal nerve tissue. A vibration source is configured to generate vibration of the ice particles sufficient to disrupt perivascular renal nerve tissue and terminate sympathetic renal nerve activity with no or negligible damage to thawed renal artery tissue. The vibration source may be configured to generate vibration sufficient to nucleate ice formation within at least the perivascular renal nerve tissue so that ice particles form throughout the perivascular renal nerve tissue adjacent the thermal unit.
