A method of determining a boundary of a cancer of a bone of a patient includes imaging the patient's bone. A bone density ratio of interest may be obtained from the image of the bone, the bone density ratio of interest being a ratio of a first density of the bone at a first location in the image to a second density of the bone at a second location in the image. The obtained bone density ratio of interest may be compared to a reference bone density ratio of interest of a reference bone without bone cancer. Based on the comparison, it may be determined whether the cancer of the bone of the patient is present at the first location in the image or the second location in the image. The imaging may be CT imaging, and the imaging may include a first plurality of images in a first plane.
