A thermal treatment planning system including a processing device and an image display device is provided. The processing device obtains a medical condition setting, and performs a curve fitting operation according to a plurality of surgical situation information provided by a surgical parameters database and the medical condition setting, so as to obtain a surgical evaluation information corresponding to the medical condition setting. The image display device displays the surgical evaluation information. If the surgical evaluation information is reliable, the processing device optimizes the plurality of surgical context information in the surgical situation database based on the surgical evaluation information. In addition, a thermal treatment planning method is also provided.
