The facet arthroplasty device according to the present invention comprises linking rods (2) for linking together connectors (3, 6) that are held respectively in the vertebral bodies of each treated vertebra V by way of anchoring screws (4), while each connector (3) has means for immobilizing and guiding a sleeve (5) that allows said connector (3) freedoms of movement in rotation R, R1 and/or in lateral tilting B about a vertical axis xx and/or vv of the anchoring screw (4), which has been fixed beforehand in the corresponding vertebral body.
