The present invention relates to methods for detecting, diagnosing and/or treating traumatic brain injury by detecting in a biological sample from a patient the levels of one or more of the metabolites: methionine sulfoxide, PC aa C 34:4, ATP, AMP, NAD+, ADP, IMP, spermidine, lysoPC a C20:3, C18:1, and proline. In some embodiments, the method also includes diagnosing the patient with traumatic brain injury when the one or more metabolites in the biological sample is at a different level than a statistically validated threshold for the one or more metabolites, and CT, MRI, or PET indicates traumatic brain injury to the brain of the patient. In further embodiments, once traumatic brain injury is diagnosed, the patient is treated for the traumatic brain injury.
