Disclosed is an a whole killed bacterial cell anti-inflammatory composition in the manufacture of a medicament for treating an individual for an inflammatory disease of the bone, wherein the anti-inflammatory composition comprises a whole killed bacterial cells selected or formulated so that together they are specific for at least one microbial pathogen that is pathogenic in the bone, and wherein the microbial pathogen is selected from the group consisting of Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus agalactiae, other streptococci spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp., Enterobacter spp., Proteus spp., Serratia spp. paNovirus B 19, rubella virus, hepatitis B.
