Disclosed is the use of a population of adherent cells derived from a placenta, wherein the population comprises at least 70% adherent cells from a maternal portion of the placenta, wherein the maternal portion of the placenta is either or both of decidua basalis or decidua parietalis and wherein the adherent cells do not differentiate into osteogenic lineages in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a condition selected from muscle trauma, muscle defect, neuropathic pain, peripheral nerve injury, neurodegenerative disease.
