New methods for diagnosing, treating, and monitoring cancer have been developed based on the expression level of markers, such as transcobalamin II (TCII), transcobalamin II receptor (TCIIR), Ki-67, megalin, cubilin, amnionless and/or asialoglycoprotein receptors. For example, a cancer diagnosis can be made by determining the level of TCII, TCIIR, Ki-67, megalin, cubilin, amnionless and/or asialoglycoprotein receptor expression in a test sample from the subject and in a reference sample, and diagnosing the subject as having cancer if the level of expression of transcobalamin II (TCII), transcobalamin II receptor (TCIIR), Ki-67, megalin, cubilin, amnionless, an asialoglycoprotein receptor, or a combination thereof, is statistically significantly different than the respective reference sample.
