The present invention relates to the fields of life sciences and medicine. Specifically, the invention relates to therapies of neurodegenerative diseases. More specifically, the present invention relates to interleukin-33 (IL-33), a fragment thereof, a polynucleotide encoding IL-33 or a fragment thereof for use in treatment or prevention of a neurodegenerative disease involving inflammation in a subject and to a method of treating or preventing a neurodegenerative disease involving neuroinflammation in a subject. Still, the present invention relates to IL-33, a fragment thereof, a polynucleotide encoding IL-33 or a fragment thereof for use in improving or restoring neuronal function or endogenous neuronal repair mechanisms, or enhancing endogenous neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis or neuronal differentiation in a subject. Also, the present invention relates to a method of improving or restoring neuronal function or endogenous neuronal repair mechanisms, or enhancing endogenous neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis or neuronal differentiation in a subject.
