Disclosed herein are novel pathological form of TDP-43, monoclonal antibodies against such pathological form of TDP-43, and uses thereof. The novel pathological form of TDP-43 is characterized in having a particle size of about 2 to 400 nm in diameter.本揭示內容是關於新穎之致病性TDP-43、可結合至該致病性TDP-43的單株抗體及該抗體之用途。該新穎之致病性TDP-43為直徑約為2至400奈米的顆粒。