A mobile electronic device storage and charging cabinet includes a body defining therein an accommodation chamber and carriers with individual storage chambers mounted in the accommodation chamber for storing mobile electronic devices individually, a power supply module consisting of a control system and a connector module and mounted in the accommodation chamber with electrical connectors of the connector module respectively electrically connected to storage mobile electronic devices by cables, and a sterilizer consisting of a germicidal lamp set and power drive module and mounted in the body for killing microorganisms, molds, fungi and unicellular algae that are suspended in the air inside the body and adhered to the surfaces of storage mobile electronic devices with ultraviolet light from ultraviolet lamp tubes of the germicidal lamp set subject to the control of the power drive module, achieving optimal disinfection and sterilization effects and protecting the users from health risks.