The present disclosure relates to methods for treating neuronal disorders using a motoneuronotrophic factor (MNTF) or its peptide analogs. The present disclosure further relates to methods for treating a spinal cord injury, a neurodegenerative disease, a stroke or cerebral ischemia, Huntington's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's Disease, and diabetic neuropathy in a subject by administration of motoneuronotrophic factor (MNTF) or its peptide analogs.